One very interesting branch of physics is thermodynamics, especially for getting insight in air compressors. In this article we are talking about gas flow and throttling, following up on our introduction to thermodynamics.
When an ideal gas flows through a restrictor with a constant pressure before and after the restrictor, the temperature remains constant. However, a pressure drop occurs across the restrictor, through the inner energy being transformed into kinetic energy. This is the reason for which the temperature falls. For real gases, this temperature change becomes permanent, even though the energy content of the gas remains constant. This is called the Joule-Thomson effect. The temperature change is equal to the pressure change across the throttling multiplied by the Joule-Thomson coefficient.
If the flowing medium has a sufficiently low temperature (≤+329°C for air), a temperature drop occurs with the throttling across the restrictor, but if the flow medium is hotter, a temperature increase occurs instead. This condition is used in several technical applications, for example, in refrigeration technology and in separation of gases.
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